PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.